Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...

What is Cell Signaling?

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Yeast Signaling

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...

Synaptic Signaling

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Generation of Training Data to Distinguish Adverse Events from Medical Conditions.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026

Same author

Letter to the Editor on "Can a Large Language Model Interpret Data in the Electronic Health Record to Infer Minimum Clinically Important Difference Achievement of Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement Score Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?"

The Journal of arthroplasty·2026

Same author

Evaluation of an IgG anti-PF4/H chemiluminescent immunoassay in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis·2025

Same author

Comment on "Performance and Reproducibility of Large Language Models in Named Entity Recognition: Considerations for the Use in Controlled Environments".

Drug safety·2025

Same author

Safety of venetoclax in real-world experience: data from the French national database of pharmacovigilance through all indications in hematological malignancies over 5 years.

Therapeutic advances in hematology·2025

Same author

Cardiovascular safety of a standardized outpatient triage and diagnostic approach for suspected cardiovascular immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Archives of cardiovascular diseases·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Published on: October 16, 2016

Signal Detection for Baclofen in Web Forums: A Preliminary Study.

Pierre Karapetiantz¹, Bissan Audeh¹, Agnès Lillo-Le Louët²

¹Sorbonne Université, Inserm, université Paris 13, Laboratoire d'informatique médicale et d'ingénierie des connaissances en e-santé, LIMICS, F-75006 Paris, France.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

|April 22, 2018

Summary

Web forums can help detect unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), complementing traditional reporting. Signal detection methods applied to online posts successfully identified known and new ADRs, enhancing pharmacovigilance efforts.

Keywords:

Adverse drug reaction Baclofen Forums Logistic regression Signal detection Social media

More Related Videos

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Cognitive Impairment Research in Mice Through Stereotaxic Injection and Cost-Effective Dyes

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Cognitive Impairment Research in Mice Through Stereotaxic Injection and Cost-Effective Dyes

Published on: July 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Published on: October 16, 2016

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Cognitive Impairment Research in Mice Through Stereotaxic Injection and Cost-Effective Dyes

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Cognitive Impairment Research in Mice Through Stereotaxic Injection and Cost-Effective Dyes

Published on: July 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety
Computational Linguistics
Public Health

Background:

Underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) limits traditional pharmacovigilance.
Web forums offer a potential complementary data source for ADR detection.
Existing signal detection methods are primarily used for structured pharmacovigilance databases.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the applicability of signal detection methods for identifying ADRs in web forum data.
To assess the effectiveness of traditional decision rules and logistic regression for ADR signal detection in online posts.
To explore web forums as a supplementary resource for pharmacovigilance.

Main Methods:

Implementation of traditional signal detection decision rules on over 6 million web forum posts.
Application of baclofen as a case study for signal detection.
Cross-validation of identified unexpected signals using a logistic regression method.

Main Results:

Signal detection methods successfully identified most known adverse effects (AEs) of baclofen.
The methods also detected some unexpected AEs not listed in product characteristics.
Web forum data proved valuable for discovering novel ADR signals.

Conclusions:

Web forums serve as a valuable complementary resource for pharmacovigilance.
Signal detection techniques are applicable and effective for mining ADRs from web forum data.
This approach can enhance the detection of unexpected adverse drug reactions, improving patient safety.