Regulation of embryonic smooth muscle myosin by protein kinase C

Phosphorylation of the 20-kDa light chain regulates adult smooth muscle myosin; phosphorylation by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme myosin light chain kinase stimulates the actomyosin ATPase activity of adult smooth muscle myosin; the simultaneous phosphorylation of a separate site on the 20-kDa light chain by the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme protein kinase C attenuates the myosin light chain kinase-induced increase in the actomyosin ATPase activity of adult myosin. Fetal smooth muscle myosin, purified from 12-day-old fertilized chicken eggs, is structurally different from adult smooth muscle myosin. Nevertheless, phosphorylation of a single site on the 20-kDa light chain of fetal myosin by myosin light chain kinase results in stimulation of the actomyosin ATPase activity of this myosin. Protein kinase C, in contrast, phosphorylates three sites on the fetal myosin 20-kDa light chain including a serine or threonine residue on the same peptide phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase. Interestingly, phosphorylation by protein kinase C stimulates the actomyosin ATPase activity of fetal myosin. Moreover, unlike adult myosin, there is no attenuation of the actomyosin ATPase activity when fetal myosin is simultaneously phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the in vitro activation of a smooth muscle myosin by another enzyme besides myosin light chain kinase and raise the possibility of alternate pathways for regulating smooth muscle myosin in vivo.