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What's what in auditory cortices?

Chrysa Retsa1, Pawel J Matusz2, Jan W H Schnupp3

  • 1The LINE (Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology), Radiology Department and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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|April 22, 2018
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Summary

This study reveals that the brain processes different aspects of sound, like who is speaking or what is said, using distinct neural pathways. Early brain responses show specialized processing for object-related sound information.

Keywords:
AuditoryAuditory evoked potential (AEP)Functional segregationObject‘What’ and ‘where’ pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The brain is thought to have separate pathways for processing sound's object ('what') and spatial ('where') information.
  • It's unclear if different object-related sound features (e.g., speaker identity, content) use distinct or overlapping neural resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural resources underlying the processing of specific object-related sound dimensions.
  • To differentiate the spatio-temporal dynamics of auditory processing for 'what' versus 'where' sound information under selective attention.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded high-density auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in healthy participants.
  • Participants selectively attended to and discriminated sounds based on pitch, speaker identity, syllable, or location.
  • Analyzed AEPs using electrical neuroimaging to assess response strength and topography modulations.

Main Results:

  • No behavioral differences were observed in discriminating sounds across the four feature dimensions.
  • Auditory evoked potential topographies differed significantly across 'what' conditions as early as 90ms post-stimulus onset.
  • This suggests functional sub-segregation within the auditory 'what' pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory system exhibits functional sub-segregation for processing different object-related sound features.
  • Selective attention directs processing along distinct, yet parallel, neural pathways for multiple sound features.
  • This study elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of segregated auditory processing.