Bovine spastic syndrome: a review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Neurology
• Animal Genetics

Background:

• Bovine spastic syndrome (BSS) is a chronic, progressive neuromuscular disorder affecting cattle, first described in 1941.
• It is characterized by recurrent clonic-tonic hindlimb cramps and impacts cattle typically over three years old.
• Currently, BSS lacks a definitive cure, necessitating symptomatic treatments focused on welfare and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Bovine Spastic Syndrome (BSS).
• To discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of BSS.
• To explore genetic aspects, differential diagnoses (like bovine spastic paresis), and potential parallels with human multiple sclerosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on Bovine Spastic Syndrome.
• Comparative analysis of BSS with bovine spastic paresis.
• Exploration of potential links between BSS and human neurological disorders.

Main Results:

• BSS is a widespread, chronic neuromuscular disorder in cattle with characteristic clinical signs.
• While suspected to be hereditary, definitive proof is lacking, impacting breeding economics.
• Symptomatic treatment and improved management are the current approaches for affected animals.

Conclusions:

• BSS is a significant concern in cattle, requiring further research into its hereditary basis.
• Understanding BSS genetics is crucial for effective breeding strategies and economic viability.
• Investigating potential links to human diseases like multiple sclerosis may offer new research avenues.