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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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Chemically controlled aggregation of pluripotent stem cells.

Yonatan Y Lipsitz1, Peter D Tonge1,2, Peter W Zandstra1,2,3,4,5,6

  • 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|April 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling pluripotent stem cell aggregate size with a chemical method reduces variability in cell expansion. This improves product quality and yield for regenerative medicine manufacturing.

Keywords:
aggregationbioreactor: pluripotent stem cell (PSC)process variabilitystem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) aggregation causes variability in mass transfer and signaling.
  • This heterogeneity leads to inconsistent differentiation, impacting product quality and yield in manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a chemical method for controlling PSC aggregate size.
  • To reduce process variability in PSC expansion by minimizing aggregate heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Development and characterization of a chemical-based approach.
  • Controlled aggregate size within a tunable range with low heterogeneity.
  • Application in scalable, stirred suspension-based manufacturing of PSC cultures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully controlled aggregate size within a specific, tunable range.
  • Achieved low heterogeneity in aggregate size.
  • Demonstrated reduction in process variability for PSC expansion.

Conclusions:

  • The chemical method effectively controls PSC aggregate size and reduces heterogeneity.
  • This approach enables scalable, stirred suspension manufacturing of PSCs.
  • Improved consistency is critical for translating regenerative medicine to clinical products.