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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.3K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.3K
Translation01:31

Translation

18.0K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
18.0K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.2K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.0K

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Decoding Natural Behavior from Neuroethological Embedding
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Decoding fibrosis: Mechanisms and translational aspects.

Liliana Schaefer1

  • 1Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.

Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology
|April 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibrosis causes organ damage and death worldwide, with treatments limited to organ replacement. This research explores novel antifibrotic therapies and diagnostic tools, offering hope for effective treatments.

Keywords:
Antifibrotic treatmentFibrosisInflammationKidneyLiverLungsSkinWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Translational Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Fibrosis, a pathological tissue healing process, leads to organ dysfunction and is a major global cause of mortality.
  • Current antifibrotic strategies are largely restricted to organ transplantation, highlighting an unmet clinical need.
  • Significant advancements in understanding fibrogenesis have been made over the past two decades.

Discussion:

  • Novel fibrogenic factors and biomarkers have been identified, advancing diagnostic capabilities.
  • Development of noninvasive diagnostic methods and targeted drug delivery systems are crucial for fibrosis management.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are investigating organ-specific and stage-specific antifibrotic mechanisms.

Key Insights:

  • Identification of new fibrogenic factors and biomarkers.
  • Advancements in noninvasive diagnostics and drug delivery systems for fibrosis.
  • Progress in clinical trials targeting diverse fibrotic conditions.

Outlook:

  • Critically evaluating past and present therapeutic strategies for fibrosis.
  • Potential for novel, effective antifibrotic treatments across various organ systems.
  • Translational research bridging basic science and clinical application to combat organ fibrosis.