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Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
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Related Experiment Video

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Context matters: Social cognition task performance in psychometric schizotypes.

Madeline J Pflum1, Diane C Gooding2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|April 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with positive schizotypy show impaired social cognition, especially when context is provided. Both positive and negative schizotypes exhibit deficits in affective responsiveness without contextual cues.

Keywords:
Affective Responsiveness TaskEmotion Perspective TakingEmpathySchizophreniaSchizotypySocial anhedonia

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with social cognition deficits, particularly in empathy.
  • The impact of psychometric schizotypy on empathy-related social cognition remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare social cognition performance in individuals with positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and low schizotypy.
  • To investigate the role of contextual cues in social cognition deficits within schizotypy.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups were assessed: positive schizotypy (n=79), negative schizotypy (n=123), and low schizotypy (n=137).
  • Performance was measured using the Emotion Perspective Taking Task (context-dependent) and the Affective Responsiveness Task (context-independent).
  • Accuracy and reaction time were the primary outcome measures.

Main Results:

  • Positive schizotypes demonstrated poorer performance on the Emotion Perspective Taking Task compared to negative schizotypes and controls, indicating difficulty using contextual social cues.
  • Both positive and negative schizotypes showed lower performance on the Affective Responsiveness Task than controls, suggesting general deficits in affective responsiveness.
  • Findings suggest schizotypy subtypes may differ in their ability to utilize environmental context for social cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing multiple schizotypy groups is crucial for understanding social cognition.
  • Employing diverse social cognition tasks is essential to reveal nuanced performance deficits.
  • Empathy impairments in schizotypy may be context-dependent, highlighting the complexity of social cognitive alterations.