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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Cognitive-Based Interventions to Improve Mobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Uros Marusic1, Joe Verghese2, Jeannette R Mahoney3

  • 1Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea-ECM, Maribor, Slovenia.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
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Cognitive training interventions show a small but significant effect on improving complex gait in older adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for mobility enhancement.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • A strong link exists between cognitive function and mobility in aging populations.
  • Cognitive-based interventions offer a potential avenue for enhancing mobility in older adults.
  • The consistency of treatment effects for cognitive interventions on mobility requires critical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on cognitive-based interventions for improving mobility in older adults.
  • To assess the clinical effectiveness of cognitive interventions on gait performance in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on cognitive training for gait improvement was conducted.
  • Meta-analyses and meta-regression were employed to evaluate intervention effects on simple and complex gait.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on older adults without significant cognitive, psychiatric, neurologic, or sensory impairments.

Main Results:

  • Ten RCTs involving 351 participants were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Cognitive training demonstrated a small, significant effect on complex gait (ES = 0.47, P = .007) but not simple gait (P = .057).
  • Intervention parameters like duration and frequency did not significantly predict dual-task walking improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive training interventions can positively impact mobility outcomes, particularly in complex walking scenarios.
  • These findings support the use of cognitive interventions for enhancing executive functions crucial for challenging mobility tasks.
  • Further large-scale, well-designed randomized clinical trials are recommended to validate these results.