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Offshore pipeline decommissioning: Scale and context.

Sally Rouse1, Peter Hayes2, Ian M Davies2

  • 1Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK; Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.

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Summary

Offshore pipeline decommissioning in the North Sea has minimal seabed footprint when left in situ, comparable to other marine activities. Large-scale removal of pipelines over 16 inches is currently technologically unproven.

Keywords:
DecommissioningFishingMarine spatial planningNorth SeaOil and gasPipelines

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Area of Science:

  • Marine spatial planning
  • Offshore engineering
  • Environmental regulation

Background:

  • Effective marine planning requires understanding the spatial extent of human activities, including offshore infrastructure.
  • Data on the footprint of offshore pipeline decommissioning options (removal vs. in situ) are limited.
  • North Sea pipelines represent a significant component of offshore human activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the spatial footprint of different North Sea offshore pipeline decommissioning scenarios.
  • To compare the environmental impact of in situ decommissioning with other regulated marine activities.
  • To inform regulatory and planning decisions regarding pipeline decommissioning.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the spatial extent of three in situ decommissioning scenarios for North Sea pipelines.
  • Comparing calculated footprints with existing data for other marine activities (e.g., aggregate extraction, fisheries exclusion zones).
  • Assessing the seabed area recoverable by pipeline removal based on current technological limitations.

Main Results:

  • Leaving pipelines in situ occupies <0.01% (12.3 km²) of UK waters, comparable to or smaller than aggregate extraction.
  • Armouring large pipelines can occupy up to 95 km², and fisheries exclusion zones up to 1119 km².
  • Regaining 50% of seabed requires removal of pipelines >30 inches; technology for safe, cost-efficient removal of >16 inch pipelines is untested.

Conclusions:

  • In situ decommissioning of North Sea pipelines has a relatively small spatial footprint compared to other marine uses.
  • Fisheries exclusion zones and armouring significantly increase the occupied seabed area.
  • Current technology limits the feasibility of large-scale pipeline removal, influencing decommissioning strategy and marine spatial planning.