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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cytokines regulating lymphangiogenesis.

Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado1, Lena Claesson-Welsh1

  • 1Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores lymphangiogenic cytokines, key regulators of lymphatic vessel formation. It details their roles in both healthy development and disease states like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Lymphatic vessels form during embryogenesis and are crucial for fluid homeostasis.
  • Lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new lymphatic vessels, is limited in healthy adults but active in disease.
  • Dysfunctional lymphatics contribute to various pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known lymphangiogenic cytokines.
  • To describe their mechanisms of action.
  • To elucidate their roles in lymphangiogenesis during health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on lymphangiogenesis and cytokines.
  • Analysis of the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC) and its receptor (VEGFR3).
  • Examination of other cytokine influences on lymphatic vessel formation.

Main Results:

  • Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC) is a primary stimulator of lymphangiogenesis via VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR3).
  • Various cytokines can promote or inhibit lymphangiogenesis directly or indirectly.
  • Lymphangiogenesis is implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokines play critical roles in regulating lymphatic vessel formation.
  • Understanding these regulators is vital for addressing lymphatic dysfunction in disease.
  • Targeting lymphangiogenic pathways offers therapeutic potential.