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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

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Hepatitis E virus in lettuce and water samples: A method-comparison study.

Walter Randazzo1, Andrea Vásquez-García2, Maria A Bracho3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.

International Journal of Food Microbiology
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) detection in vegetables was evaluated using RT-qPCR assays. While assays showed sensitivity, HEV was not detected in lettuce, spinach, or peppers from naturally contaminated sources.

Keywords:
Foodborne virusHEVIrrigation waterRT-qPCRSewageVegetables

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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety
  • Virology
  • Molecular diagnostics

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a growing cause of acute viral hepatitis in Europe.
  • Zoonotic transmission occurs via contaminated water, undercooked meat, blood, and organ transplants.
  • HEV presence in irrigation water and vegetables suggests potential foodborne transmission routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of RT-qPCR assays for HEV detection and quantification.
  • To assess HEV elution from vegetables using ISO 15216:2017 methods.
  • To investigate HEV presence in fresh produce and associated environmental samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a WHO international standard and clinical samples for assay validation.
  • Evaluated three RT-qPCR assays for analytical sensitivity.
  • Assessed HEV recovery from lettuce, spinach, and pepper using ISO 15216:2017 concentration method.
  • Tested naturally contaminated sewage, irrigation water, and vegetable samples.

Main Results:

  • Two RT-qPCR assays demonstrated good analytical sensitivity, detecting down to 250 IU/ml.
  • HEV recovery from vegetables ranged from 0.46% to 3.95% with the selected method.
  • HEV was detected in 10 out of 14 sewage samples.
  • No HEV was detected in 36 lettuce or 24 irrigation water samples.

Conclusions:

  • RT-qPCR assays are suitable for HEV detection and quantification.
  • The ISO 15216:2017 method shows limited HEV recovery from vegetables.
  • Current findings suggest low risk of HEV contamination in tested fresh produce, but HEV is present in sewage.