Voltammetric determination of copper in seawater at a glassy carbon disk electrode modified with Au@MnO₂ core-shell...

Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of copper ions was accomplished at a glassy carbon disk electrode modified with core-shell microspheres of the gold@manganese dioxide (Au@MnO₂) type. These were synthesized via electrochemical deposition. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrochemically deposited and employed as an active support material for the growth of MnO₂ to yield Au@MnO₂ core-shell particles with unique and regular spherical morphology. The microspheres have a diameter of 200-250 nm and scrolled edges like a cactus. Due to the absorption capacity of MnO₂ and the electrocatalytic ability of the AuNPs, an excellent anodic signal is obtained for copper ions. Response is linear in the 20 nM to 1 μM copper ion concentration range, with a 4.9 ± 0.2 nM (n = 3) detection limit under optimized conditions. The electrode is stable and excellently reproducible. It was successfully applied to the analysis of copper ions in spiked seawater samples. Graphical abstract Gold nanoparticles were employed as a coupling medium for the bridging of MnO₂ on a glassy carbon disk electrode to transfer electrons that enhanced electrochemical detection of copper ions.