Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.6K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.6K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.6K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.6K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

26.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
26.5K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

4.0K
4.0K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

1.3K
Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epigenetic regulation of the hepcidin gene expression in hepatoma cells.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Successful management of recurrent feline hepatic lipidosis with equine placenta extract supplementation: A case report.

Open veterinary journal·2026
Same author

Suspected secondary inflammatory mammary carcinoma developed from pre-existing tumors in a cat: Clinical course from diagnosis to death.

Open veterinary journal·2026
Same author

Re-maturation of canine chemically-induced hepatic progenitor cells toward biliary epithelial cells.

The Journal of veterinary medical science·2026
Same author

A calf with concurrent infantile hemangioma and coronary artery fistula: notes on simultaneous onset.

The Journal of veterinary medical science·2026
Same author

Genetic variants of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3 in 5887 dogs influenced oxygenations of probe substrates benzydamine, trimethylamine, and methyl p-tolyl sulfide.

Biochemical pharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K

TGF-β Negatively Regulates Mitf-E Expression and Canine Osteoclastogenesis.

Kumiko Asai1, Masaharu Hisasue2, Fumie Shimokawa1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan.

Biochemical Genetics
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers established canine osteoclast culture conditions using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) showed a species-dependent effect on osteoclast formation.

Keywords:
DogMitf-EOsteoclastTGF-β

More Related Videos

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.5K
Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

22.5K
Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.5K
Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System
11:06

Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System

Published on: July 30, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Osteoporosis prevalence is increasing in aging dogs due to an imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity.
  • Limited research exists on the specific mechanisms of canine osteoclastogenesis.
  • Understanding canine osteoclast formation is crucial for addressing bone diseases in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish reliable culture conditions for inducing osteoclasts from canine bone marrow cells.
  • To identify key factors influencing canine osteoclastogenesis.
  • To compare canine osteoclastogenesis with murine models, particularly the role of TGF-β.

Main Methods:

  • Canine bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).
  • Subsequent culture involved M-CSF and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).
  • Gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf-E) and the effect of TGF-β were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Efficient osteoclast formation (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells) was achieved using M-CSF and RANKL.
  • Mitf-E expression was induced during canine osteoclastogenesis, similar to murine models.
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibited, rather than enhanced, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and Mitf-E expression in canine cells, indicating a species-specific response.

Conclusions:

  • Established culture conditions effectively induce osteoclasts from canine bone marrow cells using M-CSF and RANKL.
  • Canine osteoclastogenesis involves Mitf-E induction, consistent with murine models.
  • The inhibitory role of TGF-β in canine osteoclastogenesis highlights species-specific differences and the need for canine-specific research.