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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
Published on: November 6, 2017
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in vascular dementia: Epidemiologic and clinical aspects
Marcelo Antônio Oliveira Santos1, Lucas Soares Bezerra1, Carolina da Cunha Correia2
1Director of the Epidemiology and Cardiology Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Medical Student at Mauricio de Nassau University, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Abstract:
Dementia is a general term for a heterogeneous group of organic neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebrovascular causes account for 20% of cases.
Objective:
To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of individuals aged >60 years diagnosed with vascular dementia (VD) or mixed dementia (MxD) in a referral hospital for dementia.
Methods:
A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2017 involving elderly individuals (≥60 years) with VA or MxD. Patients presenting other forms of dementia or in use of medication that mimics cognitive disorders were excluded. The 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).
Results:
81.1% of the patients presented NPS and only 15% had two or more symptoms. Apathy was the most frequent NPS (56.6%). There was an association between CDR score 1 or 2 and NPS (OR = 6.16, 95% CI: 1.36-27.9, p = 0.02).
Conclusion:
Most patients had a single symptom, predominantly apathy. There was an association between mild-to-moderate dementia and NPS.
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