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Polymorphisms of Antioxidant Genes as a Target for Diabetes Management

Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy1,2, Mehrnoosh Khodaeian2, Fatemeh Bitarafan2

  • 1Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine
|April 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This review examines how genetic variations in antioxidant enzymes impact type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. Understanding these links to oxidative stress can reveal new treatment strategies for diabetes mellitus (DM).

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern with rising prevalence.
  • Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is a key factor in DM pathology.
  • Hyperglycemia exacerbates oxidative stress via pathways like the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end-product formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in antioxidant enzymes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • To explore the role of genetic factors in T2DM pathogenesis and complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the link between SNPs in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide synthase, and NAD(P)H oxidase with T2DM.

Main Results:

  • Genetic variations in antioxidant enzymes are implicated in the development of T2DM.
  • Specific SNPs within these enzymes may alter antioxidant capacity, influencing disease susceptibility.
  • This highlights the interplay between genetic predisposition and oxidative stress in T2DM.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes are significant factors in T2DM pathogenesis.
  • Further research into these genetic associations can inform novel therapeutic approaches for managing DM.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for personalized diabetes care.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusantioxidantsoxidative stresspolymorphism

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