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Gut Microbial Changes, Interactions, and Their Implications on Human Lifecycle: An Ageing Perspective.

Ravichandra Vemuri1, Rohit Gundamaraju1, Madhur D Shastri1

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Ageing alters the gut microbiota, impacting immune responses. Interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore balance and improve health outcomes in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota, established at birth, plays a crucial role in host health and immune system development.
  • Ageing is associated with significant alterations in gut microbial composition, leading to dysbiosis and impaired immune function.
  • Factors like antibiotic use, disease, and malnutrition exacerbate age-related gut microbiota imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the establishment and age-related alterations of the gut microbiota.
  • To discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating the immune system.
  • To explore the microbiota's function in both healthy and diseased states.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on gut microbiota and ageing.
  • Analysis of clinical evidence linking gut microbiota to immune responses.
  • Discussion of therapeutic interventions for gut dysbiosis.

Main Results:

  • Ageing leads to imbalances in major bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes) and facultative organisms.
  • Gut dysbiosis in older adults is linked to impaired immune responses.
  • Antimicrobial therapy can disrupt normal gut flora, contributing to dysbiosis.

Conclusions:

  • Modulation of the gut microbiota is essential for maintaining immune health in ageing populations.
  • Interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation offer potential for restoring gut balance.
  • Understanding the gut microbiota's role is critical for addressing age-related health issues.