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The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
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MPFL in First-Time Dislocators.

Beth E Shubin Stein1, Simone Gruber2, Jacqueline M Brady3

  • 1Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|April 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early surgery for first-time patella dislocations may reduce recurrence and improve outcomes, especially in pediatric patients. More evidence is needed to guide operative treatment decisions for high-risk individuals.

Keywords:
InstabilityMPFLPatellaPatella altaPediatric dislocatorsTrochlear dysplasia

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Sports medicine
  • Pediatric orthopedics

Background:

  • The traditional non-operative approach for acute patella dislocation is being re-evaluated.
  • Recent studies identify high-risk first-time dislocators who may benefit from surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the management of acute patella dislocations.
  • To explore the evolving role of operative treatment for first-time dislocators, particularly in the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on patella dislocation treatment.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding operative versus non-operative management.
  • Discussion of ongoing multi-center studies, including medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Recent literature suggests operative treatment may reduce recurrence rates for first-time patella dislocations.
  • Surgical intervention might lead to better overall outcomes, especially in pediatric patients.
  • A higher-risk subset of first-time dislocators who may benefit from early surgery has been identified.

Conclusions:

  • The standard of care for acute patella dislocation is shifting, with increased consideration for early operative treatment in specific populations.
  • Further evidence-based guidelines are necessary to clarify surgical indications and techniques for managing first-time patella dislocations.
  • Ongoing research, including studies on medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, aims to address current treatment controversies.