Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
Published on: February 20, 2014
Beyond the floor effect on the WISC-IV in individuals with Down syndrome: are there cognitive strengths and
L Pezzuti1, R Nacinovich2, S Oggiano3
1Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), Rome, Italy.
Background:
Individuals with Down syndrome generally show a floor effect on Wechsler Scales that is manifested by flat profiles and with many or all of the weighted scores on the subtests equal to 1.
Method:
The main aim of the present paper is to use the statistical Hessl method and the extended statistical method of Orsini, Pezzuti and Hulbert with a sample of individuals with Down syndrome (n = 128; 72 boys and 56 girls), to underline the variability of performance on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition subtests and indices, highlighting any strengths and weaknesses of this population that otherwise appear to be flattened.
Results:
Based on results using traditional transformation of raw scores into weighted scores, a very high percentage of subtests with weighted score of 1 occurred in the Down syndrome sample, with a floor effect and without any statistically significant difference between four core Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition indices. The results, using traditional transformation, confirm a deep cognitive impairment of those with Down syndrome. Conversely, using the new statistical method, it is immediately apparent that the variability of the scores, both on subtests and indices, is wider with respect to the traditional method.
Conclusion:
Children with Down syndrome show a greater ability in the Verbal Comprehension Index than in the Working Memory Index.
Related Concept Videos
03:21Weak Base Solutions
01:28Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
04:02Weak Acid Solutions
02:29Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
01:38Cognitive Dissonance