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Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with migraine: A case-control study
Elisa Rubino1, Innocenzo Rainero1, Francesca Garino2
11 Neurology I - Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Italy.
Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|April 24, 2018
Summary
Migraine is significantly more common in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism compared to the general population. This study highlights a potential link between thyroid function and headache disorders.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Subclinical hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels with normal circulating thyroid hormones.
- Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between thyroid dysfunction, including subclinical hypothyroidism, and migraine prevalence.
- Understanding this association is crucial for comprehensive patient care and potential therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the comorbidity of migraine in patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism.
- To identify and evaluate any associated clinical characteristics in subclinical hypothyroidism patients experiencing migraines.
- To compare the prevalence of migraine in subclinical hypothyroidism patients versus a control group.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed, recruiting 151 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 150 age- and sex-matched controls.
- Migraine history, including presence and type (with or without aura), was assessed through direct interviews in all participants.
- Biochemical thyroid parameters (TSH, FT4, FT3) and anti-thyroid antibodies were measured and compared between groups.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of lifetime migraine was substantially higher in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (46%) compared to controls (13%), with a significant odds ratio of 5.80 (p < 0.001).
- Both migraine with aura and migraine without aura showed significantly higher prevalence in subclinical hypothyroidism patients.
- No significant differences in thyroid hormone levels or antibody concentrations were found between subclinical hypothyroidism patients with and without migraine. However, a higher comorbidity for autoimmune diseases was noted in those with migraine (p = 0.005).
Conclusions:
- Migraine occurs significantly more frequently in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism than in the general population.
- The study suggests a strong association between subclinical hypothyroidism and migraine, independent of thyroid hormone levels or antibody status.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm this observed association.
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