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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Noncoding RNAs in ischemic stroke: time to translate.

Harpreet Kaur1, Deepaneeta Sarmah1, Jackson Saraf1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|April 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise for treating ischemic stroke, offering new therapeutic avenues beyond current time-limited treatments. These molecules play crucial roles in stroke recovery and present potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Piwi-interacting RNAischemic strokelong noncoding RNAmicro-RNAneuroprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity.
  • Current ischemic stroke treatments, like tissue plasminogen activators (tPA), have significant time limitations.
  • There is a critical need for novel pharmacological interventions for stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as therapeutic targets for stroke.
  • To review the roles of various ncRNAs in the pathophysiology and recovery mechanisms of ischemic stroke.
  • To highlight ncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents for future stroke interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on noncoding RNAs in stroke.
  • Analysis of the roles of microRNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs, and long ncRNAs in ischemic stroke.
  • Identification of ncRNAs involved in stroke-related repair and recovery processes.

Main Results:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are endogenous molecules integral to cellular functions and disease, including stroke.
  • Specific types of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs, modulate gene expression relevant to stroke.
  • ncRNAs are implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying post-stroke repair and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs represent a promising frontier for developing new pharmacological strategies for stroke.
  • ncRNAs hold potential as both diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving stroke outcomes.
  • Further research into ncRNAs could lead to innovative treatments that overcome the limitations of current stroke therapies.