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Related Concept Videos

What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Attribution Theory00:56

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Related Experiment Video

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Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
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Neutral Theory, Microbial Practice: Challenges in Bacterial Population Genetics.

Eduardo P C Rocha1,2

  • 1Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|April 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding microbial evolution requires new theories. Current approaches struggle with genetic variation, selection, and population dynamics, hindering insights into bacterial adaptation and molecular evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial population genetics
  • Molecular evolution
  • Bacterial genomics

Background:

  • Current research faces challenges in understanding microbial genetic variation.
  • Limited insights into bacterial adaptation and molecular evolution persist.
  • Existing models inadequately address complex genetic exchange and population structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify major challenges in microbial population genetics.
  • To highlight limitations in current theoretical frameworks for microbial evolution.
  • To propose directions for future research in understanding bacterial adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of open problems in microbial population genetics.
  • Analysis of limitations in studying genetic variation and molecular evolution.
  • Identification of key issues including neutral polymorphism, genetic exchange, and population definition.

Main Results:

  • Four major open problems impede microbial population genetics: lack of neutral polymorphism, modeling genetic exchanges, ill-defined populations, and disentangling selection/demography.
  • Historical focus on single nucleotide polymorphism and non-random sampling limits understanding of bacterial genetic variation.
  • Current approaches inadequately capture pervasive selection and strong genetic linkage.

Conclusions:

  • Novel theoretical approaches are essential for advancing microbial evolution studies.
  • Accounting for pervasive selection and strong genetic linkage is crucial.
  • A deeper understanding of microbial genetic variation is needed for insights into adaptive effects.