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Epigenetic modulation by small molecule compounds for neurodegenerative disorders.

Akash Kumar Singh1, Sarmistha Halder-Sinha1, James P Clement2

  • 1Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.

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Epigenetic modifications, not just genetic mutations, significantly impact neurological disorders. Targeting these reversible epigenetic processes with small molecules offers promising therapeutic potential for brain diseases.

Keywords:
Anacardic acid (PubChem CID:5388781)Blood-brain barrierCognitive brain functionDNA methylationDecitabine (PubChem CID:451668)Embelin (PubChem CID:3218)EpigeneticsHistone acetylationLuteolin (PubChem CID:5280445)Memory related disordersPanobinostat (PubChem CID:6918837)RG108 (PubChem CID:702558)Romidepsine (PubChem CID:57515973)SAHA (PubChem CID:5311)Valproic acid (PubChem CID:3121)Vorinostat (PubChem CID:5311)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurological disorders are often caused by DNA mutations.
  • Emerging research highlights the significant role of epigenetic modifications, specifically chromatin alterations, in neurological disorder development and severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key studies linking altered epigenetic processes to neurological disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To discuss small molecule modulators targeting epigenetic enzymes as a therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disorders.
  • Analysis of research on small molecule modulators targeting epigenetic enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic processes are dynamic and reversible, unlike stable genetic mutations.
  • Numerous small molecule modulators have been identified that can alter brain pathology by targeting epigenetic enzymes.
  • Some modulators show promising results in animal models of neurological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a critical factor in neurological disorders.
  • Targeting epigenetic processes with small molecule modulators represents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Further research and development of these modulators are warranted for future clinical applications.