Glucocorticoid effects on the production and actions of immune cytokines

The immunosuppressive actions of glucocorticoids form the basis for their use in treatment of autoimmune diseases and prevention of allograft rejection. However, the mechanisms responsible for glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression are still poorly understood. It is now clear that glucocorticoids do not inhibit all aspects of the immune response and, in some cases, may enhance certain functions of immune effector cells. One example is that of the dramatic increase induced by IFN-gamma in the number of IgG Fc receptors on human mononuclear phagocytes, which is enhanced rather than inhibited by glucocorticoids. An aspect of the immune response which appears to be consistently suppressed by glucocorticoids is the production of immune cytokines. Since these hormones appear to be essential mediators for a vigorous immune response, inhibition of their production may be an effective way for glucocorticoids to block the immune response.