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Scrub typhus re-emergence in India: Contributing factors and way forward

Jai Ranjan1, John Antony Jude Prakash2

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Medical Hypotheses
|April 25, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Scrub typhus is re-emerging in India due to factors like land use changes and urbanization. Increased awareness and rapid diagnostics are crucial for controlling this mite-borne infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, has resurged in India after a period of dormancy.
  • Factors contributing to its re-emergence include population growth, urbanization, and land-use changes.
  • Shifts in antimicrobial use, climate change, and improved diagnostics also influence its epidemiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and hypothesize the factors driving the resurgence of scrub typhus in India.
  • To analyze the impact of environmental and societal changes on scrub typhus epidemiology.
  • To propose strategies for controlling the increasing incidence of scrub typhus.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, hypothesizing factors based on existing literature and observed trends.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and trends in scrub typhus reports from India.
  • Consideration of environmental factors such as land use land cover (LULC) changes and climate change.

Main Results:

  • Land use land cover (LULC) changes and urbanization, driven by population explosion, are identified as primary contributors.
  • Increased agricultural land diversion and strained sanitation systems exacerbate the problem.
  • Climate change and increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are also implicated in the upward trend.

Conclusions:

  • Scrub typhus cases are projected to increase due to persistent global warming, urbanization, LULC changes, and rising AMR.
  • Public and healthcare professional awareness is essential for effective control.
  • Rapid diagnostic assays and community-level treatment protocols for acute febrile illness (AFI) are vital for long-term mitigation.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial prescriptionLULCMiteRe-emergenceScrub typhus

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