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3D-printed scaffolds with calcified layer for osteochondral tissue engineering.

Zhengyu Li1, Shuaijun Jia2, Zhuo Xiong3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Mechanical Engineering Department of Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PR China; Xi'an Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, PR China.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel multilayer scaffold for full-thickness bone and cartilage repair, enhancing biomechanical strength for orthopedic trauma. The engineered tissue scaffold shows promise for challenging joint injuries.

Keywords:
3D printing3D-printed scaffoldsBoneCartilageTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic research
  • Biomaterials science
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Full-layer bone and cartilage injuries pose significant challenges in orthopedic trauma repair.
  • Existing tissue engineering approaches for joint damage, including chondral and subchondral defects, have yielded unsatisfactory results.
  • A need exists for advanced biomaterials that can effectively regenerate complex bone-cartilage structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a multilayer composite scaffold mimicking the physiological structure of full-thickness bone and cartilage.
  • To evaluate the structural, material, and biomechanical properties of the novel scaffold.
  • To assess the biocompatibility of the scaffold for potential applications in orthopedic tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • A multilayer composite scaffold was constructed using temperature-gradient thermally induced crystallization for the cartilage layer and 3D printing for the bone and calcified layers.
  • Scaffold characterization involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence staining, and micro computed tomography (Micro-CT).
  • Biomechanical testing assessed maximum tensile and shear strength, and cell adherence and proliferation were evaluated after cell inoculation.

Main Results:

  • SEM, XRD, and Micro-CT confirmed the scaffold's multilayer structure with oriented cartilage, overlapping bone, and compressed calcified layers.
  • The novel scaffolds demonstrated significantly enhanced maximum tensile and shear strength compared to traditional scaffolds lacking a calcified layer (P < 0.05).
  • Cell adherence and proliferation on the scaffolds were comparable to traditional scaffolds, attributed to the overall high porosity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multilayer composite scaffold effectively simulates the native bone-cartilage structure.
  • The scaffold exhibits superior biomechanical properties, making it suitable for load-bearing applications in orthopedic repair.
  • This engineered scaffold represents a promising advancement for treating full-thickness bone and cartilage defects in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.