Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

9.9K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
9.9K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

9.4K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
9.4K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

132.4K
Overview
132.4K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

128.4K
Overview
128.4K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

1.9K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.9K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

281
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
281

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutralizing antibodies as A therapy for hepatitis E virus: Advances, challenges and opportunities.

Antiviral research·2026
Same author

Host species-specific mutations in the thumb domain of the 3Dpol polymerase are required for efficient replication of human hepatitis A virus in mice.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

The low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR mediates cellular entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Hepatoviruses, Extracellular Vesicles, and the Concept of Enveloped Versus Nonenveloped Viruses.

Annual review of virology·2025
Same author

Natural killer cells and IFN-γ protect against liver injury during HAV infection in mice.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Integrin beta 1 facilitates non-enveloped hepatitis E virus cell entry through the recycling endosome.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.5K

Innate Immunity to Enteric Hepatitis Viruses.

Zongdi Feng1, Stanley M Lemon2

  • 1Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) evades host immunity, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) persists despite it. Understanding these differences is key to addressing HEV in immunocompromised individuals.

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.7K
Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.5K
A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.7K
Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both RNA viruses replicating in hepatocytes.
  • Distinct mechanisms for inducing and counteracting innate immune responses exist between HAV and HEV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the differential impacts of HAV and HEV on host innate immune signaling.
  • To understand the basis for HEV persistence in immunocompromised patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of viral replication and immune evasion strategies.
  • Investigation of interferon production and signaling pathways in response to HAV and HEV infection.

Main Results:

  • HAV actively evades and disrupts innate immune signaling, particularly interferon production.
  • HEV does not block interferon production but persists despite an active interferon response.

Conclusions:

  • HAV's immune evasion strategies differ significantly from HEV's persistence mechanisms.
  • HEV's ability to replicate during an interferon response may explain its persistence in immunocompromised individuals, a growing concern.