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Glassy dynamics of landscape evolution.

Behrooz Ferdowsi1,2, Carlos P Ortiz1,3, Douglas J Jerolmack4

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

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Summary
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Soil transport on hillsides ranges from slow creep to catastrophic landslides. A new model reveals this behavior stems from granular friction, unifying models for landscape evolution and hazard prediction.

Keywords:
creepdynamical phase transitiongranular flowlandscape evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Geomorphology
  • Soil Mechanics

Background:

  • Hillslope soil transport encompasses gradual creep and sudden landslides, posing significant hazards and shaping landscapes.
  • Current models lack a unified framework to explain the full spectrum of soil transport behaviors.
  • Understanding granular origins is crucial for predicting landscape evolution and geohazards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified model for hillslope soil transport, from creep to landslides.
  • To investigate the granular dynamics governing soil movement on slopes.
  • To connect micro-scale particle friction to macro-scale landscape evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized discrete element method (DEM) simulations to model granular soil behavior.
  • Analyzed field measurements from natural landscapes to validate simulation results.
  • Developed a two-phase flux equation based on grain-scale friction.

Main Results:

  • Identified a critical gradient below which soil creeps, with velocity exponentially increasing with friction.
  • Observed a continuous transition to dense-granular flow rheology at the critical gradient.
  • Demonstrated that slow earthflows and landslides exhibit glassy dynamics, consistent with disordered materials.
  • Validated a new glassy model using natural hillslope topographic profiles.

Conclusions:

  • A unified model based on granular friction explains hillslope soil transport across different scales.
  • The proposed glassy dynamics model accurately reproduces natural hillslope profiles.
  • This model offers a promising approach for predicting long-term hillslope evolution and geohazards.