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Nivolumab-induced sialadenitis.

Saeko Takahashi1, Xu Chieko1, Tetsuya Sakai1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital Tokyo Japan.

Respirology Case Reports
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This case report details the first instance of nivolumab-induced sialadenitis, a salivary gland inflammation. Early recognition and treatment with corticosteroids are crucial for managing this immune-related adverse event.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorimmune‐related adverse eventsnivolumabsialadenitisxerostomia

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor increasingly used for various cancers.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are known side effects of nivolumab.
  • Nivolumab-induced sialadenitis and xerostomia are rare irAEs, with limited published case reports.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male with pulmonary adenocarcinoma developed sialadenitis 4 months after starting nivolumab.
  • Elevated serum amylase levels (1373 IU/L) were noted.
  • Labial minor salivary gland biopsy revealed severe lymphocytic inflammation and gland damage.

Findings:

  • This study presents the first documented case of nivolumab-induced sialadenitis.
  • The patient's condition improved with corticosteroid treatment and nivolumab cessation.
  • Sialadenitis, while not life-threatening, can lead to irreversible xerostomia if untreated.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of recognizing sialadenitis as a potential irAE of nivolumab.
  • Emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and management to prevent irreversible xerostomia and maintain patient quality of life.
  • Informs healthcare providers about this rare but significant side effect of nivolumab therapy.