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The Reference of Proper Names: Testing Usage and Intuitions.

Michael Devitt1, Nicolas Porot1

  • 1Philosophy Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York.

Cognitive Science
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study challenges theories of proper names by testing linguistic usage, finding decisive evidence against classical description theories. Experiments reveal referential intuitions can be unreliable due to wording effects.

Keywords:
Description theoryLinguistic usageProper nameReferenceReferential intuitionTruth-value judgment

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Language
  • Experimental Semantics
  • Linguistic Theory

Background:

  • Traditional theories of reference for proper names often rely on referential intuitions.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding whether truth-value judgment experiments accurately reflect linguistic usage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test classical description theories of proper names using elicited production.
  • To investigate the reliability of referential intuitions by comparing them with actual linguistic usage.
  • To assess the claim that name usage varies between descriptive and non-descriptive patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized "elicited production" experiments to gather data on linguistic usage of proper names.
  • Compared experimental results with predictions derived from classical description theories.
  • Analyzed the reliability of referential intuitions against observed linguistic behavior.

Main Results:

  • Experimental results decisively contradict classical description theories of proper names.
  • Found limited evidence for the claimed variation in name usage across different contexts.
  • Contrary to predictions, referential intuitions were not found to be unreliable in this study.

Conclusions:

  • Classical description theories of proper names are not supported by usage data.
  • Truth-value judgment experiments can be considered valid tests of linguistic usage.
  • Referential intuition tests may be susceptible to wording effects, impacting their reliability.