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Unitary Physiology.

John S Torday1, William B Miller2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

Comprehensive Physiology
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) gene and its signaling pathways explain diverse biological phenomena, from metabolic syndrome to cell evolution. Understanding TOR and key gene duplications unifies physiology and its evolutionary development.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Phenotypic observation alone often obscures deep connections across diverse biological phenomena.
  • Examples include maternal food restriction effects on offspring metabolic syndrome, microgravity impacts on yeast, jellyfish longevity, and slime mold development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a common mechanistic denominator underlying diverse physiological and evolutionary traits.
  • To propose that the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway and ancestral gene duplications provide this unifying principle.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates existing knowledge of molecular signaling pathways, particularly TOR.
  • It analyzes evolutionary adaptations, focusing on gene duplication events and their role in vertebrate terrestrial transition.

Main Results:

  • The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) gene and its signaling complexes are identified as central regulators of seemingly disparate biological phenomena.
  • Key ancestral receptor gene duplications are implicated in critical physiologic and phenotypic adaptations, facilitating vertebrate transition to land.

Conclusions:

  • TOR signaling and specific genetic duplications offer a mechanistic commonality across a broad spectrum of biological responses.
  • A unified concept of physiology and its evolutionary trajectory can be achieved through understanding these fundamental mechanisms.