Antibacterial Melamine Foams Decorated with in Situ Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

A new and straightforward single-step route to decorate melamine foams with silver nanoparticles (ME/Ag) is proposed. Uniform coatings of silver nanoparticles with diameters less than 10 nm are formed in situ directly on the struts surface of the foams, after their dipping in an AgNO₃ solution. We prove that the nanoparticles are stably adhered on the foams, and that their amount can be directly controlled by the concentration of the AgNO₃ solution and the dipping time. Following this production route, ME/Ag foams can be obtained with silver content ranging between 0.2 and 18.6 wt % and excellent antibacterial performance, making them appropriate for various applications. Herein we explore the possibility to use them as antibacterial filters for water treatment, proving that they are able to remove completely Escherichia coli bacteria from water when filtered at flow rates up to 100 mL/h·cm² due to the release of less than 1 ppm of Ag⁺ ions by the foams. No bacterial regrowth was observed after further dilution of the treated water, to arrive below the safety threshold of Ag⁺ for drinking water (0.1 ppm), demonstrating the excellent bactericide performance of the ME/Ag filters.