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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
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Single-Stranded Condensation Stochastically Blocks G-Quadruplex Assembly in Human Telomeric RNA.

Irene Gutiérrez1, Miguel Garavís2, Sara de Lorenzo1

  • 1Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia) , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA molecules called TERRA, which have a tendency to form G-quadruplex structures, can be hindered by random self-association. This RNA condensation blocks G-quadruplex folding pathways, unlike similar DNA molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • TERRA (Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA) is transcribed from human subtelomeric regions.
  • TERRA has a propensity to form parallel G-quadruplex structures due to its GGGUUA repeat sequence.
  • Potential roles of TERRA include regulation of heterochromatin stability, replication, and telomerase inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the folding behavior of TERRA molecules using single-molecule force spectroscopy.
  • To determine the influence of RNA self-association and condensation on G-quadruplex formation.
  • To compare the folding properties of TERRA with analogous DNA molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule force spectroscopy utilizing optical tweezers.
  • Stretching of RNA constructs with varying numbers of hexanucleotide repeats (4-8).
  • Employing non-G-rich overhangs of random sequence to flank the RNA constructs.

Main Results:

  • Random RNA self-association and condensation limit the potential for G-quadruplex formation.
  • Condensed RNA stochastically blocks G-quadruplex folding pathways with approximately 20% probability.
  • This blocking behavior was not observed in analogous DNA molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The inherent capacity of RNA to self-associate and condense into entropically favorable structures impedes G-quadruplex formation.
  • TERRA's folding pathways are significantly influenced by these stochastic condensation events.
  • RNA and DNA exhibit distinct behaviors regarding G-quadruplex formation due to differences in self-association properties.