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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Gamma rays excited radioluminescence tomographic imaging.

Xuanxuan Zhang1, Shouping Zhu1, Yang Li1

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education & School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.

Biomedical Engineering Online
|April 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gamma rays excited radioluminescence tomography (GRLT) enables 3D imaging of radioluminescent nanophosphors (RLNPs) in vivo. This novel technique visualizes RLNP distribution using surface measurements and inverse algorithms for enhanced preclinical research.

Keywords:
Diffusion equationImage reconstructionRadioluminescence imagingTomography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Optical imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Radionuclide-excited luminescence imaging visualizes radioluminescent nanophosphors (RLNPs) using radioluminescence from high-energy ray excitation.
  • Current methods lack tomographic imaging capabilities for RLNP distribution.
  • Radiotracers used in nuclear medicine generate gamma rays for excitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce gamma rays excited radioluminescence tomography (GRLT) for 3D imaging of RLNPs.
  • To enable noninvasive visualization of RLNP distributions within small animals.
  • To reconstruct RLNP distributions from surface measurements of emitted photons.

Main Methods:

  • Developed GRLT using an inverse algorithm for image reconstruction.
  • Modeled radioluminescent photon propagation in biological tissues using the diffusion equation.
  • Utilized surface measurements of radioluminescent photons for reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated GRLT feasibility in phantom and mouse models.
  • Successfully revealed the distribution of Gd2O2S:Tb RLNPs.
  • Utilized radioluminescent signals excited by 99mTc gamma rays.

Conclusions:

  • GRLT offers new possibilities for in vivo, noninvasive examination of biological processes at the cellular level.
  • Targeted RLNPs combined with GRLT can advance preclinical research.
  • GRLT can achieve dual molecular information (RLNPs and nuclides) when combined with Cerenkov luminescence imaging.