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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
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Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia.

Ranjay Chakraborty1, Lisa A Ostrin2, Debora L Nickla3

  • 1College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|April 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian biology offers potential insights into childhood myopia. Understanding light

Keywords:
circadian rhythmsclock genesdopaminemelanopsinmyopiarefractive development

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Chronobiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Mechanisms of postnatal eye growth and ametropias remain poorly understood, despite rising myopia prevalence.
  • Diurnal and circadian rhythms are increasingly implicated in eye growth and refractive error development.
  • The master circadian clock and retinal circadian clocks influence ocular parameters and refractive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on circadian biology's role in understanding myopia etiology.
  • To explore how circadian rhythms may inform the development of clinical therapies for refractive errors.
  • To investigate the potential impact of modern lighting on circadian pacemakers and refractive development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classic and contemporary scientific literature.
  • Analysis of evidence linking circadian rhythms, retinal signaling (dopamine), and clock genes to eye growth.
  • Examination of contemporary research on light exposure and its effects on childhood refraction.

Main Results:

  • Ocular length and features exhibit diurnal oscillations influenced by circadian rhythms.
  • Retinal dopamine and clock genes are associated with experimental myopia and refractive development.
  • Modern artificial lighting patterns may adversely affect circadian pacemakers, with unknown effects on refractive development.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian biology presents a promising avenue for investigating refractive development and myopia.
  • Further research into circadian mechanisms could lead to improved understanding and therapeutic interventions for childhood refractive errors.
  • The impact of environmental light exposure on circadian rhythms and eye growth requires further investigation.