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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

52.3K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
52.3K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
59.7K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K

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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

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Electrodynamics of quantum spin liquids.

Martin Dressel1, Andrej Pustogow1

  • 11. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|April 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Quantum spin liquids exhibit unique magnetic properties without long-range order. This study explores their optical conductivity, focusing on spinon contributions in two-dimensional materials.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Magnetism
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic states of matter with no long-range magnetic order, even at low temperatures, due to strong magnetic interactions.
  • These systems are often strongly correlated electron systems where the Mott gap dictates their electrodynamic response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and discuss the optical properties of various two-dimensional QSL candidates.
  • To investigate the electrodynamic response governed by the Mott gap and spinon contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of optical properties of inorganic (herbertsmithite) and organic (κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂X) QSL candidates.
  • Comparison of electrodynamic properties influenced by lattice structure (kagome, triangular) and bandwidth.

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Main Results:

  • Herbertsmithite (kagome lattice) and organic compounds (triangular lattice) exhibit distinct electrodynamic behaviors due to varying correlation strengths.
  • Spinon contributions to optical conductivity are analyzed in relation to metallic quantum fluctuations near the Mott transition.

Conclusions:

  • The optical properties of 2D QSLs are sensitive to lattice geometry and electronic bandwidth, influencing their magnetic and electrodynamic characteristics.
  • Understanding spinon dynamics is crucial for characterizing QSLs and their proximity to the Mott transition.