Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.6K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.6K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

277
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
277
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

334
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

245
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
245
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

310
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
310

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Risk stratification for meningiomas with discordant molecular classification.

Acta neuropathologica·2026
Same author

Comparative Analysis of the Prognostic Value of Simpson Grade Versus MRI-Based Extent of Resection Paradigms Across Meningioma Histomolecular Subgroups.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Stratification by Ki-67 Labeling Index Increases Specificity of p16<sup>INK4a</sup> Expression as a Surrogate Marker for CDKN2A Inactivation in Meningioma.

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc·2026
Same author

Genomic hallmarks of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate-associated meningiomas.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Androgens drive tumor cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous sex differences in brain tumors.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Epidemiological and clinical data link depot medroxyprogesterone acetate to meningioma.

Neuro-oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Tracing the Ferroptotic Signatures and Cell Death Dynamics in Medulloblastoma for Advanced Therapeutics
04:01

Author Spotlight: Tracing the Ferroptotic Signatures and Cell Death Dynamics in Medulloblastoma for Advanced Therapeutics

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.0K

Case-based review: pediatric medulloblastoma.

Cassie N Kline1, Roger J Packer1, Eugene I Hwang1

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 (C.K., S.M.); Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010 (R.P.); Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010 (R.P., E.H.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010 (R.P., E.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, 1825 4th Street, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 (D.R., S.B.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143 (C.R., S.M.); Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (P.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 (P.B.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 (P.B.); Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M551, Box 0102 San Francisco, CA 94143 (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 550 Parnassus Avenue, M327, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.A., S.C.); Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 Sandler Neurosciences, 625 Nelson Rising Lane, 402B, Box 0434, San Francisco, CA 94158 (S.M.).

Neuro-Oncology Practice
|April 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Medulloblastoma, a common pediatric brain tumor, is now better diagnosed and prognosed through molecular subgrouping. Research aims to tailor treatments for better outcomes and fewer side effects.

Keywords:
chemotherapymedulloblastomaradiationrisk stratificationtargeted therapy

More Related Videos

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
06:32

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: September 1, 2010

16.8K
Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Tracing the Ferroptotic Signatures and Cell Death Dynamics in Medulloblastoma for Advanced Therapeutics
04:01

Author Spotlight: Tracing the Ferroptotic Signatures and Cell Death Dynamics in Medulloblastoma for Advanced Therapeutics

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.0K
Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
06:32

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: September 1, 2010

16.8K
Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neuro-oncology
  • Molecular oncology
  • Cancer genomics

Background:

  • Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor, characterized by high grade and metastatic potential within the central nervous system.
  • Existing treatments involve surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, often leading to significant long-term side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of molecular subgrouping on refining medulloblastoma diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To discuss the role of molecular drivers in WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3, and group 4 medulloblastoma subgroups.
  • To explore ongoing research in molecularly risk-stratified treatment approaches for medulloblastoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma.
  • Analysis of molecular drivers specific to each medulloblastoma subgroup.
  • Discussion of current therapeutic strategies and ongoing research in treatment adjustment.

Main Results:

  • Molecular subgrouping (WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3, group 4) refines diagnosis and prognosis for pediatric medulloblastoma.
  • Understanding molecular drivers is key to subgroup classification and targeted therapy development.
  • Active investigation into adjusting treatment based on molecular risk stratification is underway.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular subgrouping represents a significant advancement in understanding and managing medulloblastoma.
  • Future therapeutic strategies will likely be guided by molecular profiling to improve efficacy and minimize treatment-related toxicities.
  • Ongoing research is crucial for developing less toxic, more effective treatments for children with medulloblastoma.