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Published on: July 18, 2014
Studying the determinant factors leading to congenital heart disease in newborns
Mohammadhossein Arjmandnia1, Mahsa Besharati2, Sajad Rezvan2
1Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Disease Ward, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Insights
Congenital heart disease (CHD) risk factors include family history, consanguinity, maternal diabetes, and antiepileptic use during pregnancy. Maternal age, BMI, and smoking were not significantly associated with CHD risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatrics
- Genetics
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality.
- CHD arises from abnormal embryonic cardiac development.
- Understanding CHD determinants is crucial for prevention and early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate determinant factors associated with congenital heart disease (CHD).
- To identify risk factors for CHD in newborns through a case-control study.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed.
- Newborns diagnosed with CHD (cases) were compared to those without CHD (controls).
- Data were collected via maternal questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 23.
Main Results:
- Significant associations found between CHD and positive family history (FH), consanguinity, maternal diabetes, and antiepileptic use during early gestation.
- Maternal education status showed a significant association with CHD risk (P > 0.001).
- No significant association was observed with maternal age (20-35 years), BMI, smoking, or rheumatologic diseases.
Conclusions:
- Maternal factors like family history of CHD, consanguineous marriages, diabetes, and antiepileptic drug use increase newborn CHD risk.
- Lack of folic acid use is also a potential risk factor.
- Maternal age, BMI, and smoking during early pregnancy were not identified as significant risk factors in this study.
Context:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important cause of death during the 1st year of life and includes a special group of cardiac diseases that exist from birth. These conditions arise due to the abnormal development of an embryo's normal structures.
Aims:
A case-control study was conducted to investigate the determinant factors leading to CHD.
Materials And Methods:
All newborns who have been diagnosed with CHD upon echocardiography in 2013 were considered as cases. The number of samples required was randomly selected from the newborns who lacked CHD on cardiography. The mothers of both groups were handed the questionnaires.
Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS 23 was employed to analyze the data.
Results:
A statistically significant association was seen between CHD and a positive family history (FH) (P < 0.001), consanguinity (P < 0.001), maternal diabetes (P = 0.004), the use of antiepileptics during the first 45 days of gestation (P = 0.002), and the mother's education status (P > 0.001). No significant association was observed between CHD in the newborn and the age below 20 and above 35 years and (P = 0.11), maternal body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.44), smoking during the first 45 days of gestation (P = 0.017), and maternal rheumatologic diseases (P = 0.4).
Conclusions:
Newborns are at a greater risk of having CHD born from mothers with a FH of CHD, from consanguineous marriages, history of diabetes, antiepileptic use, and lack of folic acid use. However, no significant associations were found between newborn CHD and maternal age, BMI, or cigarette smoking.
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