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Hypertension, risk factors and coronary artery stenosis: A case-control study
Zahra Sedaghat1, Mohammadjavad Zibaeenejad1, Mohammad Fararouei1
1a HIV/AIDS Research center , HIV/AIDS Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
Insights
Hypertension is linked to coronary artery stenosis (CAS), but BMI and age are key predictors in individuals without CAS. Coronary artery stenosis significantly alters the relationship between these factors and hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hypertension Research
- Clinical Investigation
Background:
- Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- The precise nature of the association between hypertension and CVD risk factors requires further elucidation.
- Coronary artery stenosis (CAS) is a critical manifestation of CVD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations of serologic, anthropometric, and coronary artery stenosis (CAS) with blood pressure.
- To determine the predictive value of Body Mass Index (BMI), age, and abdominal obesity in relation to hypertension.
- To explore how CAS influences the relationship between these factors and hypertension.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed.
- 163 hypertensive patients and 227 healthy participants were recruited.
- All participants underwent coronary angiography to assess for CAS.
Main Results:
- Coronary artery stenosis (CAS), BMI, and age were significantly associated with hypertension.
- Stratified analysis revealed that BMI and age were the sole significant predictors of hypertension in participants without CAS.
- Abdominal obesity did not remain a significant predictor in the final model, irrespective of stenosis presence.
Conclusions:
- BMI and age are the most potent predictors of hypertension in individuals without coronary artery stenosis.
- Coronary artery stenosis significantly modifies the association between common risk factors and the presence of hypertension.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing hypertension and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
Although hypertension is introduced as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), our knowledge about the nature of the association is hindered. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent associations of several factors including serologic, anthropometric and coronary artery stenosis (CAS) with blood pressure. This is a case-control study on 163 hypertensive patients (SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 80 mmHg) and 227 healthy participants. All participants underwent angiography due to classic symptoms of CVDs. Controlling for other study variables, significant associations between CAS (OR yes/no = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.18-3.34 P = 0.006), BMI (kg/m2) (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14, P = 0.002) and age (year) (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.005-1.05, p = 0.01) with hypertension were found. However, according to the results of the stratified analysis, no such associations were found among those with significant CAS. BMI and age were the only significant predictors of hypertension among participants with no CAS. Abdominal obesity was not remained in the final model regardless of the presence or absence of stenosis. As expected, stenosis itself was significantly associated with hypertension. This study suggested that BMI and age are the most powerful predictors of hypertension among those without CAS. As the result, it can be concluded that CAS alters the association between several factors and hypertension.
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