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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Psychological Measurement

Background:

  • Positively worded and reversed items are used to mitigate response bias in surveys.
  • This practice is common in contemporary research.
  • The psychometric properties of using mixed item formats require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the psychometric implications of using positive and reversed items in measurement instruments.
  • To examine the impact of item wording on test reliability and validity.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 374 adults (18-73 years) participated.
  • A repeated measures design was employed.
  • Participants completed positive, reversed, and combined forms of a self-efficacy test.

Main Results:

  • Combining positive and reversed items in a single test compromises reliability and unidimensionality.
  • Mixed item formats reduce score variance and significantly alter means compared to homogenous formats.
  • Secondary variance sources can jeopardize test structure.

Conclusions:

  • A trade-off exists between controlling acquiescence bias with positive items and potential comprehension issues with mixed formats.
  • While combining item types is recommended to control response bias, researchers must exercise caution.
  • Linguistic skills and study findings suggest careful consideration before implementing mixed item formats.