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Prevalence of under and over weight in children with neurodisability, using body composition measures

Stefanie Zhao Lin Lip1, Anna Chillingworth2, Charlotte M Wright3

  • 1Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, MVLS College, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 27, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Overweight and high body fat are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), even those with low body mass index (BMI). This study highlights the need for careful assessment of body composition in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) often present with unique growth patterns.
  • Assessing nutritional status in NDD requires methods beyond standard body mass index (BMI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare rates of underweight and overweight in children with different NDDs.
  • To evaluate body composition using bioelectrical impedance and skinfolds in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Measured weight, height, arm-to-leg bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and skinfolds in 146 children (4-16 years) with NDD.
  • Calculated Z scores for BMI, skinfolds, and lean mass, adjusting for height.
  • Categorized children based on BMI and skinfold percentiles for underweight and overweight.

Main Results:

  • 41% of children were overweight (BMI >95th percentile), and 20% had high body fat (skinfolds >95th percentile).
  • Children with cerebral palsy had low BMI and lean mass but rarely low skinfolds.
  • Children with Down syndrome, even when short, frequently showed high body fat after height adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Overweight and elevated body fat are prevalent in children with NDD.
  • Standard BMI may underestimate overweight and high body fat in NDD populations.
  • Comprehensive body composition assessment is crucial for children with NDD.

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