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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver
Published on: June 16, 2023
Does Intermittent Pringle Maneuver Increase Postoperative Complications After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular
Kit Fai Lee1, John Wong2, Sunny Y S Cheung2
1Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China. leekf@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk.
Background:
In a previous study, we have shown that intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) might increase postoperative complications after hepatectomy for various indications. Complications which thought to be related to IPM were ascites, pleural effusion, wound infection and intra-abdominal collection. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that applying IPM during hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could increase postoperative complications.
Methods:
Between January 2013 and October 2016, eligible patients who received elective open hepatectomy for HCC were randomized to have IPM or no Pringle maneuver (NPM). Occurrence of various types of postoperative complications was specifically looked for. A routine postoperative day 5 abdominal ultrasound examination and chest X-ray were done to detect and grade any radiological ascites, pleural effusion and intra-abdominal collection.
Results:
Fifty IPM and 50 NPM patients with histological proven HCC were recruited for final analysis. Demographics and operative parameters were comparable between the two groups. The postoperative complication rates were similar (IPM 36.0 vs. NPM 28.0%, P = 0.391). However, in the IPM group, more patients developed radiological posthepatectomy ascites (42.0 vs. 22.0%, P = 0.032) and pleural effusion (66.0 vs. 38.0%, P = 0.005). In patients with histologically proven cirrhosis, there were 28 IPM and 25 NPM patients. Again, there was no difference in postoperative complication rate but more radiological posthepatectomy ascites and pleural effusion in the IPM group.
Conclusion:
This trial was not able to detect a difference in postoperative complications whether IPM was applied or not, but use of IPM was associated with more subclinical ascites and pleural effusion. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01759901).
Trial Registration Number:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01759901.
Insights
Intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) during hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) did not increase overall postoperative complications. However, IPM was linked to higher rates of subclinical ascites and pleural effusion in HCC patients.
Area of Science:
- Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Surgical Oncology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Previous research suggested intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) may increase postoperative complications after hepatectomy.
- Potential complications linked to IPM include ascites, pleural effusion, wound infection, and intra-abdominal collection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the hypothesis that IPM during hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases postoperative complications.
- To compare complication rates between patients undergoing IPM and those with no Pringle maneuver (NPM).
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving patients undergoing elective open hepatectomy for HCC.
- Patients were randomized to either IPM or NPM groups.
- Postoperative complications, including radiological ascites, pleural effusion, and intra-abdominal collection, were monitored using ultrasound and chest X-ray.
Main Results:
- Fifty patients in the IPM group and 50 in the NPM group were analyzed; demographics and operative parameters were comparable.
- Overall postoperative complication rates were similar between IPM (36.0%) and NPM (28.0%) groups (P=0.391).
- The IPM group showed significantly higher rates of radiological posthepatectomy ascites (42.0% vs. 22.0%, P=0.032) and pleural effusion (66.0% vs. 38.0%, P=0.005).
Conclusions:
- The study did not detect a significant difference in overall postoperative complications between IPM and NPM during HCC hepatectomy.
- However, IPM use was associated with an increased incidence of subclinical ascites and pleural effusion.
- Further investigation may be warranted to understand the implications of these subclinical findings.
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