Risk factors for early viral infections after liver transplantation

Viral infections represent a serious threat for patients after liver transplantation (LT). The identification of risk factors during the early post-transplant period might help to improve prevention of viral infections after LT.

Between 2004 and 2010, 530 adult patients underwent LT at a large university hospital serving a metropolitan region in Europe. This retrospective single-centre study analysed putative risk factors for early viral infections with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis A/B/C (HAV/HBV/HCV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the first 3 months after LT.

The final analysis included 501 patients of whom 126 (25.1%) had documented viral infections after LT. No significant differences could be detected between patients with or without viral infections concerning 30- and 90-day mortality. Risk factors in the early post-transplant period identified by multivariate analysis included female gender (CMV, HSV-1), the post-operative need for continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CMV), septic shock (CMV), detection of fungi (CMV) and the intraoperative amount of transfused blood (EBV).

Enhanced vigilance regarding opportunistic infections is crucial in the management of this high-risk population of immunocompromised patients. In particular, attention should be paid to avoidable conditions that increase the risk of renal replacement therapies in the post-LT setting, especially among women.

DRKS00010672 on German Clinical Trial Register.