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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:33

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: July 28, 2013

Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging changes in early Parkinson's disease: ICICLE-PD study.

Thais Minett1,2, Li Su3,4, Elijah Mak3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. thaisminett@hotmail.com.

Journal of Neurology
|April 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter changes, specifically mean diffusivity, predict motor decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can help track cognitive function and motor impairment in PD patients.

Keywords:
Assessment of cognitive disordersDTILongitudinal studyMild cognitive impairmentParkinson’s disease

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Published on: July 28, 2013

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and cognitive impairments.
  • White matter microstructural integrity is crucial for cognitive and motor function.
  • Longitudinal changes in white matter may reflect disease progression in PD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if white matter microstructural changes predict motor worsening or cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • To compare longitudinal white matter changes between PD patients with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Main Methods:

  • 120 early-stage PD patients (27 with MCI, 93 with normal cognition) and 48 controls underwent cognitive, motor, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at baseline and 18 months.
  • Relationships between fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) with cognitive and motor function were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Early PD patients showed higher widespread MD than controls.
  • In PD patients with MCI, higher MD correlated with poorer attention and executive function.
  • Frontal MD increased significantly over 18 months in PD patients with MCI compared to those with normal cognition.
  • Baseline MD predicted motor feature worsening in PD.

Conclusions:

  • Mean diffusivity (MD) is a significant correlate of cognitive function and predictor of motor impairment in Parkinson's disease.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may aid in stratifying PD patients for clinical trials and monitoring treatment effects on motor function.