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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative neoplasms.

Victoria K Tang¹, Praveen Vijhani¹, Sujith V Cherian¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, UT Health- McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.

Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society

|April 27, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary lymphoproliferative neoplasms are rare lung tumors. This review covers their presentation, diagnosis, and management, emphasizing challenges due to nonspecific symptoms.

Keywords:

Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome lymphoma primary pulmonary lymphoma rare lung neoplasms

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Oncology
Hematology

Background:

Pulmonary lymphoproliferative neoplasms (PLNs) are rare, comprising less than 1% of all lung tumors.
Primary pulmonary lymphomas (PPL) are the most common type of PLN, including various Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and pleural lymphomas are rarer forms, alongside posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of PLNs.
To highlight the challenges in diagnosing these rare lung neoplasms due to nonspecific symptoms.
To provide essential knowledge for pulmonologists managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

This is a review article.
It synthesizes information on clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.
Focuses on PPL, pleural lymphomas, and PTLD.

Main Results:

PLNs, despite their rarity, often have a favorable prognosis irrespective of resectability.
Diagnosis is frequently delayed or inaccurate due to nonspecific clinical presentations.
Effective management requires a thorough understanding of these diverse entities.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary lymphoproliferative neoplasms require increased awareness among pulmonologists.
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for favorable outcomes.
Comprehensive knowledge of PPL, pleural lymphomas, and PTLD aids in patient management.