Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Y-27632 Enriches the Yield of Human Melanocytes from Adult Skin Tissues
Published on: July 8, 2020
Wide coverage of the body surface by melanocyte-mediated skin pigmentation
Ryosuke Tadokoro1, Yuuki Shikaya1, Yoshiko Takahashi2
1Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract:
Skin pigmentation is a powerful defense against ultraviolet irradiation. Particularly in humans, the body surface needs to be widely covered by protective pigmentation, and melanocytes, a major lineage of neural crest derivatives, have evolved several maneuvers to transfer melanin pigment to the skin. Recent studies with embryonic melanocytes of chickens and mice have revealed sequential events mediated by melanocytes to maximize the skin coverage by pigmentation. These processes include the migration of melanocyte precursors in the embryo, the microscopic uniform spacing of individual melanocytes, and melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. In particular, in vivo/ex vivo live-imaging techniques of melanosome transfer and a quantitative method to evaluate the distribution patterns of melanocytes have greatly advanced our understanding of how a limited number of cells can implement a maximal coverage of the large surface area of a developing body.
Related Concept Videos
Pigmentation
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Body Temperature
Body Temperature
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
Centroid of a Body
For a homogeneous body with constant density, the centroid can usually be found using equations representing a balance of the moments of the body's volume. If the...
Surface Tension and Surface Energy
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...

