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Gonadotropin stimulation: past, present and future.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of gonadotropin therapy for infertility spans 300 years, from early discoveries to modern advancements like sustained-action gonadotropins and oral GnRH analogues, improving controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF. These innovations may eventually replace traditional gonadotropins in clinical practice.

Keywords:
FSHGonadotropinsHuman reproductionInfertilityLH

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology and infertility treatment.
  • History of medical research and technological development in assisted reproduction.

Background:

  • Gonadotropin therapy is a cornerstone of infertility treatment, with a rich history of discovery and refinement.
  • Early research involved germ cell discovery, fertilization mechanisms, and understanding the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.
  • Initial gonadotropins like pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) were effective but had safety concerns, leading to their withdrawal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of the development of gonadotropin therapy for infertility treatment.
  • To highlight key milestones, technological advancements, and challenges in the journey towards effective and safe gonadotropin products.
  • To discuss current and emerging gonadotropin therapies and their potential impact on future clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of scientific literature and clinical applications related to gonadotropin therapy.
  • Tracing the timeline of discoveries, product introductions, and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of the progression from animal experimentation to human clinical application.

Main Results:

  • The development of gonadotropin therapy involved over 300 years of research, starting with basic science discoveries.
  • Key products like human pituitary gonadotropin (HPG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) emerged, enabling controlled ovarian stimulation and the first IVF baby.
  • Recent advancements include sustained-action gonadotropins, oral GnRH analogues, and orally active ovulation-stimulating agents.

Conclusions:

  • The history of gonadotropin therapy exemplifies the successful translation of basic research and technological innovation into clinical practice for infertility.
  • Continuous development has led to safer and more effective treatments, including advanced IVF and ICSI procedures.
  • Emerging therapies promise further improvements, potentially reducing reliance on traditional gonadotropins in the future.