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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia
Published on: May 27, 2022
Progressing management of non-obstructive azoospermia in the era of microdissection testicular sperm extraction
Satoru Kanto1, Kazumitsu Yamasaki2, Teruaki Iwamoto3
1Department of Urology International University of Health and Welfare Shioya Hospital 77 Tomita 329-2145 Yaita Tochigi Japan.
Abstract:
Previously, it was absolutely impossible for azoospermic men to reproduce except in some obstructive azoospermic cases for whom reconstruction of the seminal pathway was successful. However, nowadays, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and microdissection testicular sperm extraction have brought about chances of biological paternity in some non-obstructive azoospermic men. It is almost 15 years since the first trials of testicular sperm retrieval using surgical microscopy for non-obstructive azoospermia were reported. In this manuscript, the progress and outcomes of these novel techniques since then are reviewed, the controversial points are discussed and the latest research to achieve pregnancies in tough non-obstructive azoospermic couples are introduced. Not only the bright side of the renovations, but the underlying concerns are also discussed.
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