Ischemic stroke is associated with the pro-inflammatory potential of N-glycosylated immunoglobulin G

Glycosylation significantly affects protein structure and function and thus participates in multiple physiologic and pathologic processes. Studies demonstrated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation associates with the risk factors of ischemic stroke (IS), such as aging, obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.

The study aimed to investigate the association between IgG N-glycosylation and IS in a Chinese population. IgG glycome composition in patients with IS (n = 78) and cerebral arterial stenosis (CAS) (n = 75) and controls (n = 77) were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

Eleven initial glycans and 10 derived glycans in IgG glycome representing galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc significantly differed between IS patients and CAS and healthy controls after controlling for gender, age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Logistic regression models incorporating IgG glycan traits were able to distinguish IS from CAS (area under receiver-operator characteristic curves (AUC), 0.802; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.732-0.872) and controls (AUC, 0.740; 95% CI, 0.661-0.819). The canonical correlation analysis indicated that initial N-glycan structures are significantly correlated with inflammation markers (r = 0.566, p < 0.001).

Our findings indicated that loss of galactose and sialic acid, as well as addition of bisecting GlcNAc, might involve in pro- or anti-inflammatory IgG functionality and further contribute to the pathogenesis of IS. IgG glycan profiles may be developed as clinical useful biomarkers for chronic disease in the future.