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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

16.7K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
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Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

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The Cellular Response to Transcription-Blocking DNA Damage.

Lea H Gregersen1, Jesper Q Svejstrup1

  • 1Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|April 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cells activate a DNA damage response to UV irradiation, repairing lesions and shutting down transcription genome-wide. Recent findings illuminate this complex process at multiple biological levels.

Keywords:
Cockayne syndromeDNA damage responseUV-sensitivity syndromenucleotide excision repairtranscription restarttranscription-coupled nucleotide excision repair

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA damage, such as from UV irradiation, triggers cellular responses.
  • Cells activate mechanisms to repair DNA lesions that block RNA polymerase (RNAP).
  • A poorly understood, genome-wide transcription shutdown occurs even in undamaged genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the DNA damage response.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind transcription shutdown during DNA damage.

Main Methods:

  • Structural biology analyses
  • Biochemical assays
  • Cell biological studies
  • Systems biology approaches

Main Results:

  • New insights into the structural and biochemical basis of the DNA damage response.
  • Advances in understanding the cell biology and systems biology of transcription regulation post-damage.
  • Detailed characterization of the genome-wide transcription shutdown phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA damage response is a complex, multi-faceted process.
  • Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of transcription regulation during DNA damage.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully unravel the mechanisms involved.