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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

485
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats
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Acute renal infarction: A diagnostic challenge.

Danny Markabawi1, Harvir Singh-Gambhir1

  • 1SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|April 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acute renal infarction, a rare condition, presents as sudden flank pain. Contrast-enhanced CT scans are crucial for diagnosis, often revealing idiopathic causes when common etiologies are excluded.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Acute renal infarction is an uncommon condition with limited reporting.
  • Cardioembolism is the most frequent cause, but idiopathic cases constitute a significant proportion (up to 59%).
  • Diagnosis relies heavily on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old male presented with acute right flank pain, fever, and rigors.
  • CT imaging suggested pyelonephritis or renal infarction; urinalysis ruled out infection.
  • The patient did not respond to antibiotics, leading to a diagnosis of acute renal infarction.

Findings:

  • Work-up for typical causes of renal infarction was negative.
  • The case was classified as idiopathic acute renal infarction.

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  • The patient was treated with Enoxaparin and discharged.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering acute renal infarction in patients with unexplained acute flank or abdominal pain.
    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, including anticoagulation, are essential.
    • Further research into the idiopathic causes of renal infarction may be warranted.